In principle, private and protected members of a class cannot be accessed from outside the same class in which they are declared. However, this rule does not affect friends.
Friends are functions or classes declared as such.
If we want to declare an external function as friend of a class, thus allowing this function to have access to the private and protected members of this class, we do it by declaring a prototype of this external function within the class, and preceding it with the keyword friend:
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